Blessed Pope John XXIII, in the Apostolic Constitution Veterum Sapientia of 1962, strongly mandated the study and use of Latin in ecclesiastical studies, theology, the Liturgy, and as a prerequisite for priestly formation. This February, there is to be an International Convention in Rome to mark the 50th anniversary of Veterum Sapientia. I can't help thinking that after 50 years we are perhaps finally prepared to take the document of the Blessed Pope seriously.
Here is one passage from the standard translation that you can find in various places on the internet:
Of its very nature Latin is most suitable for promoting every form of culture among peoples. It gives rise to no jealousies. It does not favor any one nation, but presents itself with equal impartiality to all and is equally acceptable to all.And here is the Latin original:
Suae enim sponte naturae lingua Latina ad provehendum apud populos quoslibet omnem humanitatis cultum est peraccommodata: cum invidiam non commoveat, singulis gentibus se aequabilem praestet, nullius partibus faveat, omnibus postremo sit grata et amica.
The translators didn't want to say that Latin was pleasing and friendly to all, only that it was "acceptable." Hmmph! You can see that Veterum Sapientia was going to become a dead letter quite quickly.
It is true that Optatam Totius, Vatican II's Decree on Priestly Training (1965) said that before beginning specifically ecclesiastical subjects, seminarians should acquire a knowledge of Latin (n.13) but that was largely ignored too. In fact, the current code of canon law says that students for the priesthood should understand Latin well (canon 249) and Pope Benedict said:
Speaking more generally, I ask that future priests, from their time in the seminary, receive the preparation needed to understand and to celebrate Mass in Latin, and also to use Latin texts and execute Gregorian chant; (Sacramentum Caritatis n.62)Pope Benedict also spoke to the German Bishops on their 2006 Ad Limina visit, of the classical languages in the context of the introductory course before beginning study at the seminary;
"In this regard, Vatican Council II, in its decree ‘Optatam Totius’, established important norms that, unfortunately, have not yet been completely implemented. This is particularly true of the institution of what is called the introductory course before the beginning of real and proper study. This should not only transmit a solid understanding of the classical languages, which is expressly required for the study of philosophy and theology, but also familiarity with the catechism, together with the religious, liturgical, and sacramental practice of the Church. In the face of the growing number of interested persons and candidates who no longer come from a traditional Catholic formation, such an introductory year is urgently needed. Furthermore, during this year the student can attain greater clarity on the vocation to the priesthood. Besides this, the persons responsible for priestly formation have the possibility of getting an idea of the candidate, of his human maturity and his faith life. But the so-called role-playing games with a group dynamic, the groups of self-exploration, and other psychological experiments are less adapted for this purpose, and can create confusion and uncertainty instead."Here is the Programme for the Convention on Veterum Sapientia.

7 comments:
Failing to teach Latin to those preparing for sacred orders is a way for some such teachers to maintain their conviction that nothing of note occurred in Christianity between the death of St. Paul and the birth of Karl Rahner.
Ah, but Father -- "grata et amica" was felt to be too difficult for ordinary people to understand, and too awkward to recite in a liturgical context, so they opted for the dynamic equivalent "acceptable" instead. :-)
A few weeks ago Fr Z posted a bit about Latin and I submitted a question in the (I think it is called) combox a question to which, alas, he did not respond.
"I understand that in view of the concerns expressed by the Council Fathers, Pope Paul VI set up a commission of three cardinals to examine the question of whether the particular Churches should be allowed to communicate with the dicasteries of the Roman Curia in languages other than Latin. It is my understanding that Scotland’s William Theodore Cardinal Heard was one of the three. I believe that Cardinal Roberti MAY have been one of the others.
The problem is, I have never been able to locate anything about the report of the commission or anything about what Pope Paul VI decided, although it is obvious that they recommended, and the Pope accepted, that it was unreasonable/unadvisable (sic) to insist on the local Churches communicating in Latin.
I wondered if, bearing in mind your expertise in the Latin, you knew anything about this.
PS: Cardinal Heard held an honours degree in Classical Moderations and Jurisprudence from Oxford (1907). Basically, this was a BA (later automatically upgraded to MA, as is the Oxbridge custom) in Greek and Latin with Law (non-Oxbridge Universities awarded an “MA, LlB”). His Eminence was a City of London solicitor specialising in the Licensed Trade/Brewery interests before his reception into the Catholic Church in 1910 (at Farm Street) and offering himself as a candidate for the priesthood in 1913. Archbishop Smith of his home town, Edinburgh, did not respond to his enquiry; thus his application to Bishop Amigo of Southwark.
His degree was not a very good one, it must be said: a third in Classics and a second in Law. However, at Balliol College, Oxford, he was renowned more as a sportsman than a scholar: a rowing Blue (1907 Oxford-Cambridge Boat Race) he was also a fine rugby player, although he did not get a Blue for this.
Dean of the Sacred Roman Rota 1958-59, upon elevation to the Scared College Cardinal Heard was succeeded by his Vice-Dean, Francis John Cardinal Brennan, from Shenandoah, Pennsylvania. By the time of his retiral from the Rota, Cardinal Heard was renowned for his terse Latin style and only Cardinal Roberti seems to have outshone him as a Latinist."
I realise that the length/obscurity of the question may have deterred Fr Z andf I can only but hope you are not likewise affected.
Hoping you have had a happy and holy Christmas, I wish you in traditional West of Scotland manner
Orrabestorratime for the New Year
Hughie
I know you have a toe in seminary education. Do you happen to know how far the curriculum for the 'propadeutic year' at Valladolid follows the principles of ‘Optatam Totius’?
I don't know much about the curriculum at Valladolid but I do not believe that it includes teaching the Latin language as yet.
I am not by only means the only tutor in English seminaries who would favour students having at least an elementary course in Latin, either during the propaedeutic year or in the first year at seminary. It would greatly help in the study of both philosophy and theology.
The Veterum Sapientia Convention may be a help for various seminaries to reconsider the place of Latin in the course of studies.
Anyone want to sponsor me to go? As a birthday present?
I have just received an email message to say that Latin is in fact taught as a part of the course at Valladolid. Apologies for misleading comment earlier.
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